Yog tias koj tab tom ntsuas qhov siab - fiber ntau qhov ceev rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv nruab nrab qaum lossis cov txheej txheem cabling, MPO-12 fiber ntau cable yuav yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov kev xaiv ntawm koj cov npe luv. MPO connectors ntim ntau fibers rau hauv ib lub ferrule, thiab 12-fiber variant tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam cov ntaub ntawv chaw cabling rau ntau tshaj kaum xyoo. Tab sis "nrov" tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias "zoo." Ntau qhov kev sib txuas-optics niaj hnub siv tsuas yog 8 fibers, uas txhais tau hais tias Base-12 tsim tuaj yeem tso plaub fibers tsis ua haujlwm hauv cov kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb.
Phau ntawv qhia no hais txog qhov MPO-12 cable tiag tiag, qhov twg nws tseem ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo, qhov polarity thiab connector poj niam txiv neej ua haujlwm li cas, thiab yuav txiav txim siab seb MPO-12, MPO-8, lossis duplex li casLC connectorsyog qhov haum rau koj qhov project tom ntej.
MPO-12 Fiber Cable yog dab tsi?
MPO-12 fiber ntau cable yog ntau fiber ntau sib dhos uas txiav 12 fibers optical hauv ib zaugMPO connector. Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog qhov ceev: ib qho kev sib txuas sib txuas hloov mus txog rau rau lub voj voog duplex. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawd yog vim li cas MPO-raws li cabling dominates cov txheej txheem txuas hauv nruab nrab ntawm - mus rau - cov chaw zov me nyuam loj, qhov twg tswj ntau pua tus neeg duplex jumpers yuav ua tsis tau.
Piv nrog rau tus qauv duplexLC patch qaum, MPO-12 lub cev yog tsim los rau kev sib sau ua ke - nqa ntau cov fibers los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev thiab rhuav tshem lawv tawm ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov khoom siv adapter los ze zog rau cov khoom siv. Yog tias koj qhov chaw ib puag ncig tsuas yog xav tau ob -fiber point- rau- taw tes txuas, duplex LC cable yog yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. MPO-12 khwv tau nws qhov chaw thaum suav fiber ntau, cable-tray ceev, los yog xa mus ceev teeb meem.
Koj tseem yuav pom lo lus MTP siv nrog MPO. MTP yog cov cim kev lag luam, siab dua - cov khoom sib txuas tshwj xeeb tsim los ntawm US Conec uas tau ua tiav nrog MPO daim ntawv zoo tshaj plaws. Rau kev txiav txim siab kev yuav khoom, qhov tseem ceeb yog tias lub connector ua tau raws li koj qhov kev tso tawm - poob thiab xa rov qab - qhov yuav tsum tau poob, tsis yog daim ntawv lo tshwm rau ntawm lub tsev.
Qhov twg MPO-12 tseem ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo
Base-12 MPO cabling nyob deb ntawm kev siv tsis tau, tab sis nws qhov chaw qab zib tau nqaim vim kev lag luam tau txais 8-fiber parallel optics. Nov yog qhov MPO-12 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo:
-
-
Rov qab consolidation rau daim ntawv thov duplex.
- Nyob rau hauv cov qauv cabling tsim uas sib sau ua ke ntau 10G duplex txuas rau hauv ib lub cev, 12-fiber MPO cov rooj sib txoos txuas mus rauMPO-rau-LC cassettesuas kiv cua tawm mus rau 6 duplex LC ports. Qhov no tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov chaw ua haujlwm cov ntaub ntawv.
-
-
Brownfield ib puag ncig nrog Base-12 infrastructure uas twb muaj lawm.
- Yog tias koj qhov chaw twb tau siv 12- fiber ntau pob tw, cassettes, thiab thaj vaj huam sib luag, nyob nrog MPO-12 rau kev nthuav dav yuav zam tsis tau tus nqi thiab qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab. Kev hloov pauv cov hlua khi lossis cov kab sib txuas sib txuas tuaj yeem txuas rau Base-12 lub cev mus rau 8-fiber cov khoom siv chaw nres nkoj thaum xav tau.
-
-
Breakout thiab migration scenarios.
- IbMPO-rau-LC breakout cablecia ib leeg 12-fiber trunk pab mus txog rau rau tus neeg sib txuas duplex - pab tau thaum koj xav tau txuas cov cuab yeej cuab tam 1G lossis 10G duplex mus rau thaj chaw muaj kev sib txuas siab.
Fluke Networks sau tseg tias12-fiber MPO kev sib txuas tau keeb kwm yog ib qho kev xaiv nrov rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pob txha duplexnyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv 10G Ethernet ib puag ncig uas MPO- mus rau -LC cassettes hloov 12-fiber trunks mus rau 6 duplex ports.
Thaum MPO-12 Tsis Yog Qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws?
Qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb ntawm MPO-12 tshwm nyob rau hauv parallel-optics txuas. Ob leeg 40GBASE-SR4 thiab 100GBASE-SR4 transceivers siv 8 fibers - plaub kis, plaub tau txais. Thaum koj ntsaws lub 8-fiber transceiver rau hauv lub cev 12-fiber, plaub qhov chaw fibers zaum tsis siv. Thoob plaws ntau pua qhov sib txuas, uas ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv fiber ntau.
Fluke Networks piav qhia tias qhov kev ua tsis tau zoo no yog dab tsiua rau kev lag luam tsim 8-fiber MPO (Base-8) txuasua ib qho kev daws teeb meem rau 40G thiab 100G parallel-optics xa tawm. Yog tias koj tab tom tsim cov ntaub tshiab nyob ib puag ncig SR4 lossis DR4 transceivers thiab tsis xav tau rov qab sib raug zoo nrog cov nroj tsuag Base-12 uas twb muaj lawm, MPO-8 architecture yuav siv fiber ntau zoo dua thiab ua kom huv dua rau 400G.
MPO-12 vs MPO-8 vs. LC: Kev Txiav Txim Siab
| Cov txheej txheem | MPO-12 | MPO-8 | Duplex LC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoo tshaj rau | Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm caj qaum, duplex aggregation, Base-12 brownfield | 40G / 100G / 400G parallel optics (SR4, DR4) | Yooj yim taw tes-rau- taw tes 1G/10G/25G duplex txuas |
| Kev siv fiber ntau nyob rau hauv parallel optics | 8 ntawm 12 fibers nquag (67%) | 8 ntawm 8 fibers nquag (100%) | Tsis siv tau - duplex nkaus xwb |
| Txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw | Muaj zog rau duplex-rau-duplex; xav tau kev hloov dua siab tshiab rau parallel optics | Haiv neeg txoj kev mus rau 400G / 800G 8-fiber qauv | Txwv rau duplex ceev |
| Ecosystem kev loj hlob | Cov laus heev - ntau yam ntawm cov pob tw, cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv | Loj hlob sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv hyperscale | Universal |
| Hom connector interface | MPO adapter | MPO-8 adapter | LC Duplex Adapter |
Xaiv MPO-12 yog tiaskoj tab tom nthuav dav Base-12 tsob nroj, sib sau ua ke cov pob txha duplex, lossis siv cov khoom siv hnyav hnyav uas 12-fiber trunks pub LC cassettes.
Tsis txhob MPO-12 yog tiaskoj tab tom tsim ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm greenfield -optics npuag nyob ib ncig ntawm 8-fiber transceivers thiab tsis muaj keeb kwm ntawm Base-12 infrastructure kom haum. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawd,MPO-8 kabyuav xa cov kev siv fiber ntau zoo dua thiab kev hloov kho kom huv mus rau 400G thiab dhau mus.
MPO-12 Connector ua haujlwm li cas?
MPO connector npaj cov fibers nyob rau hauv ib tug linear kab nyob rau hauv ib tug precision - molded ferrule. Nyob rau hauv 12-fiber version, tag nrho 12 fibers zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug kab, tuav kom nruj qhov sib nrug tolerances uas ua rau sub-0.5 dB insertion poob rau ib khub niam txiv thaum ntxuav thiab ua kom zoo.
Txiv neej vs. Poj niam Connectors
MPO connectors yog txiv neej (nrog kev sib dhos pins) lossis poj niam (tsis muaj pins). Cov pins ntawm ib tug txiv neej connector qhov rau hauv qhov sib thooj ntawm ib tug poj niam connector los xyuas kom meej meej core - mus rau -core alignment. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm - keyboards, transceivers, kab ntawv - yuav luag txhua zaus siv tus txiv neej (pinned) MPO chaw nres nkoj. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias txhua lub cable txuas ncaj qha rau hauv cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog poj niam (unpinned) kom ua phooj ywg kom raug thiab tsis txhob ua rau cov pins transceiver puas. Qhov kev nthuav dav no yooj yim rau kev saib xyuas thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom thiab yog ib qho ntawm qhov ua yuam kev.
Lub Ntsiab Lus Qhia thiab Txoj Haujlwm 1
Txhua MPO connector muaj ib tug yuam sij (ib tug tsa ceg nyob rau hauv lub tsev) thiab ib tug dawb dots los yog cim uas qhia fiber ntau txoj hauj lwm 1. Kho qhov tseem ceeb orientation - key up vs. key down - txiav txim siab seb txoj hauj lwm fiber ntau daim ntawv qhia hla kev sib txuas. Tsis quav ntsej kev taw qhia thaum xaj lossis kev teeb tsa yog ib txoj hauv kev nrawm tshaj plaws los tsim qhov tsis sib haum xeeb polarity.
Polarity: Cov ntsiab lus uas ua rau kim tshaj qhov yuam kev
Polarity xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov xa tawm fiber ntau txuas mus rau qhov tseeb tau txais fiber ntau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov txuas. Tau txais nws yuam kev, thiab cov channel yuav tsis teeb - txawm tias txhua yam zoo li kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev.
CovANSI/TIA-568.3-E tus qauvtxhais tau peb txoj hauv kev thawj polarity rau MPO systems - Txoj Kev A, Txoj Kev B, thiab Txoj Kev C - ntxiv rau ob txoj kev tshiab thoob ntiaj teb (U1 thiab U2) tau qhia hauv xyoo 2022 hloov kho. Txhua txoj hauv kev qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm lub cev cable hom (Hom A, B, los yog C), adapter orientation, thiab patch cord style kom muaj kev sib kis - mus rau - tau txais kev txuas mus ntxiv thoob plaws qhov txuas.
Hauv kev xyaum, Txoj Kev A thiab Txoj Kev B yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws. Txoj Kev A siv ncaj nraim-los ntawm lub cev nrog tus yuam sij- nce / qhov tseem ceeb- nqes adapters, thaum Txoj Kev B siv lub cev rov qab nrog tus yuam sij - nce / qhov tseem ceeb- nce adapters. Txoj cai tseem ceeb yog qhov no: xaiv ib txoj hauv kev rau tag nrho qhov project thiab txheeb xyuas nws ua ntej tso ib qho kev txiav txim.
Ua ntej-Kev txiav MPO cov rooj sib tham feem ntau yog tsim los txiav txim thiab feem ntau tsis yog- rov qab. Fluke Networks ceeb toom tias polarity tsis meej pem feem ntau ua rau kev tshawb pom ntawm cov cables tsis raug lossis thaj cords tsuas yog tom qab kev teeb tsa - ua rau qhov project qeeb thiab hloov cov nqi. Kev nqis peev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv polarity thaum lub sij hawm tsim yog deb dua cheaper dua reworking trunks.
Xaiv Txoj Cai Fiber Hom: OM3, OM4, lossis Ib Leeg-Mod
Qib fiber ntau hauv koj lub MPO-12 cable txiav txim siab deb npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem thawb qhov txuas ua ntej teeb liab tsis zoo. Rau multimode deployments, qhov kev txiav txim siab feem ntau los rauOM 3 vs OM4.
Raws li Corning tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw chaw channel- ntev kev tshawb fawb, kwv yees li 90–95% ntawm kev xa tawm OM3 thiab OM4 txuas hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm ntawm qhov deb ntawm100 meters los yog tsawg dua. Ntawm tus qauv Ethernet tus nqi, OM3 txhawb nqa 10G txuas mus txog 300 m thiab 40G / 100G parallel-optics txuas mus txog 100 m. OM4 txuas cov lej ntawd mus rau 550 m ntawm 10G thiab 150 m ntawm 40G / 100G - qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog tias koj inter- kab lossis inter-chav nrug deb dhau 100 m.
Cov lus qhia siv tau: yog tias tag nrho koj lub multimode khiav tau zoo nyob rau hauv 100 m thiab koj yog pob nyiaj siv -sensitive, OM3 yuav tuav 10G thiab 40G yooj yim. Xaiv OM4 thaum koj xav tau ntev dua, npaj txav mus rau qhov nrawm dua, lossis tsuas yog xav tau cov npoo ntau dua tiv thaiv cov khoom sib txuas thiab cable- txoj hauv kev ntxiv rau lub sijhawm. Rau qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawmmultimode fiber ntau hom, suav nrog OM5, saib peb phau ntawv qhia mob siab rau.
Rau kev ncua deb tshaj multimode ncav cuag - inter- kev txuas hauv tsev, kev sib txuas metro, lossis ib qho kev khiav dhau ob peb puas meters -tib - hom fiber ntauyog qhov kev xaiv meej. Tib -mode MPO-12 lub rooj sib txoos muaj thiab siv ntau dua nyob rau hauv siab -qhov ceev ib hom patching ib puag ncig.
Yuav Daim Ntawv Teev Npe: Tsib Yam kom paub meej ua ntej xaj
MPO-12 cables feem ntau yog kev cai- sib dhos thiab tsis rov qab. Tau txais txawm tias ib qho parameter tsis raug tuaj yeem txhais tau tias lub lis piam ncua sijhawm. Paub cov tsib yam khoom no ua ntej muab qhov kev txiav txim:
-
-
Connector poj niam txiv neej ntawm txhua qhov kawg.
- Txiav txim siab qhov kawg txuas mus rau cov khoom siv ua haujlwm (xav tau poj niam / unpinned) thiab qhov kawg txuas mus rau lub vaj huam sib luag los yog lub cev adapter (xyuas lub adapter tus pin configuration). Yog tias ob qho tib si xaus kev sib raug zoo rau cov adapters, koj yuav xav tau txiv neej-rau- poj niam lossis poj niam-rau- poj niam nyob ntawm hom adapter.
-
-
Txoj kev polarity.
- Txheeb xyuas seb koj qhov project tus qauv yog Method A, B, C, U1, lossis U2 rau ANSI/TIA-568.3-E. Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub cev cable hom, adapter orientation, thiab duplex patch cords yog tag nrho cov teev kom phim.
-
-
Fiber hom thiab qib.
- XaivOM 3, OM 4, los yog ib qho - hom raws li koj qhov kev ncua deb, hom transceiver, thiab cov phiaj xwm tsiv teb tsaws yav tom ntej.
-
-
Hom ntawv thov.
- Puas yog koj xaj lub cev cable (MPO-rau-MPO), abreakout/fanout cable(MPO-rau-LC), lossis kev sib dhos ua ke? Txhua tus muaj cov connector sib txawv thiab fiber ntau -mapping yuav tsum.
-
-
Jacket ntsuam xyuas thiab ib puag ncig.
- Paub meej tias koj puas xav tau plenum- ntsuas (OFNP), riser- ntsuas (OFNR), lossis LSZH lub tsho raws li koj lub tsev lis dej num thiab kev teeb tsa. Qhov no tsis yog qhov nthuav dav los txiav txim siab tom qab lub cable tuaj txog.
Feem ntau yuam kev thiab yuav ua li cas zam lawv
Defaulting rau MPO-12 rau txhua qhov txuas tshiab
Nyob rau hauv retrofit los yog brownfield tej yaam num, MPO-12 feem ntau yog hu txoj cai. Tab sis rau greenfield parallel-optics ntaub, soj ntsuam seb8-fiber MPO kev sib txuasyuav tshem tawm cov fibers khib nyiab thiab yooj yim rau koj txoj kev mus rau 400G.
Kev txiav txim los ntawm fiber ntau suav ib leeg
Ib "12-fiber MPO cable" tsis yog ib qho kev qhia tiav. Yog tias tsis lees paub poj niam txiv neej, hom polarity, qib fiber ntau, thiab daim ntawv thov style, koj muaj feem yuav tau txais kev sib dhos uas haum rau lub cev tab sis tsim kom muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb lossis poj niam txiv neej tsis sib haum ntawm qhov chaw.
Neglecting breakout kev npaj
Yog tias koj cov khoom siv nquag siv duplex LC cov chaw nres nkoj, koj xav tau lub tswv yim kom meej meej - cassettes, adapter panels, lossis fanout cables - ntawm koj MPO-12 qaum thiab cov khoom siv. Tsis nco qab cov kauj ruam no ua rau lub xeem-feeb improvisation uas ua rau qhov zoo dua qhov ntom ntom uas koj xaiv MPO rau thawj qhov chaw.
Hla kev txuas txuas tu ua ntej siv thawj zaug
MPO ferrules muaj 12 fiber ntau kawg -ntsej muag hauv ib qho txuas. Txawm hais tias cov plua plav me me ntawm ib qho fiber ntau tuaj yeem thawb qhov kev poob qis saum toj no spec thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis sib xws. Ib txwm tshuaj xyuas thiab ntxuav MPO connectors ua ntej mating, siv lub siabMPO tu cuab yeej.
Cov lus nug nquag
MPO-12 puas tuaj yeem txhawb 40G thiab 100G?
Yog lawm. 40GBASE-SR4 thiab 100GBASE-SR4 ob leeg xa tawm tshaj 8 fibers, thiab MPO-12 connector tuaj yeem nqa tau 8 fibers nquag (txoj haujlwm 1-4 thiab 9-12 hauv tus qauv pin-tawm). Txawm li cas los xij, plaub qhov chaw fibers tseem tsis tau siv, uas yog vim li cas Base-8 MPO tau tsim los ua lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb no.
Puas yog MPO-12 zoo dua MPO-8?
Tsis yog universally zoo dua. MPO-12 yog qhov kev xaiv muaj zog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pob txha duplex thiab ib puag ncig nrog Base-12 infrastructure uas twb muaj lawm. MPO-8 muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev sib txuas-optics (40G, 100G, 400G) uas ib txwm siv 8 fibers. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws architecture nyob ntawm koj daim ntawv thov sib xyaw thiab cov nroj tsuag uas twb muaj lawm. Rau kev sib piv tag nrho, saib pebMPO / MTP fiber ntau daim ntawv qhia.
Qhov txawv ntawm MPO thiab MTP yog dab tsi?
MPO (Multi-fiber Push On) yog tus qauv txuas txuas uas txhais los ntawm IEC 61754-7. MTP yog lub npe lag luam los ntawm US Conec rau cov khoom sib txuas uas ua tau raws li thiab tshaj MPO tus qauv nrog nruj dua kev zam thiab kev tsim vaj tsev tshem tau. MTP connectors yog tag nrho sib xws nrog generic MPO connectors. Hauv kev yuav khoom, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov khoom sib txuas ua tau raws li kev nkag mus rau - poob thiab rov qab-tsis specs xav tau los ntawm koj daim ntawv thov.
Kuv puas xav tau txiv neej lossis poj niam MPO-12 connectors?
Cov khoom siv nquag siv cov chaw nres nkoj (transceivers, kab ntawv) yuav luag txhua tus txiv neej (pinned). Txhua lub cable txuas ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv yuav tsum yog poj niam (unpinned) ntawm qhov kawg. Rau lub cev - mus rau - kev sib txuas ntawm lub cev los ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag adapter, koj yuav xav tau ib tus pinned thiab ib qho txuas tsis tau txuas rau ib khub niam txiv. Nco ntsoov txheeb xyuas poj niam txiv neej ntawm txhua qhov sib txuas hauv koj qhov txuas ua ntej xaj.
Kuv puas tuaj yeem rhuav tshem MPO-12 rau LC connectors?
Yog lawm. IbMPO-rau-LC breakout cablelos yog MPO-rau-LC cassette module tuaj yeem kiv cua tawm ntawm ib qho 12- fiber ntau MPO pob tw rau hauv 6 qhov sib txuas LC duplex. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev xa tawm ntau tshaj plaws rau kev txuas MPO nraub qaum rau cov khoom siv duplex-chaw nres nkoj hauvsiab -cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev ib puag ncig.
Puas yog OM3 lossis OM4 zoo dua rau MPO-12 cable?
Rau feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv chaw khiav qis dua 100 m, ob qho tib si OM3 thiab OM4 yuav ua haujlwm. OM4 muab kev nkag mus rau headroom ntxiv - 150 m ntawm 40G / 100G piv rau 100 m rau OM3 - thiab cov peev nyiaj poob ntau dua, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntev dua - kab lossis inter- Hall txuas. Yog tias koj qhov kev ncua deb luv luv thiab pob nyiaj siv yog qhov tseem ceeb, OM3 yog qhov kev xaiv zoo. Yog tias koj xav tau cov paj ntau dua lossis cia siab tias yuav hloov kho kom nrawm, OM4 tsim nyog tus nqi qis. Saib pebOM3 vs OM4 sib pivrau cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws specifications.
Kuv yuav xaiv txoj kev polarity twg rau MPO-12?
ANSI/TIA-568.3-E tus qauv txhais txoj kev A, B, C, U1, thiab U2. Txoj Kev A (ncaj-los ntawm lub cev) thiab Txoj Kev B (rov qab lub cev) yog qhov feem ntau. Txoj Kev B feem ntau nyiam rau MPO ncaj qha- rau -MPO thaum sib npaug - kev sib txuas ntawm optics, thaum Txoj Kev A ua ke nrog cov ntawv xov tooj sib txuas tau dav siv hauv duplex breakout architectures. Txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom ua qauv ib txoj hauv kev thoob plaws tag nrho cov phiaj xwm thiab txheeb xyuas tag nrho cov khoom siv - lub cev, cov khoom siv, thiab cov hlua khi - phim cov qauv ua ntej kev teeb tsa.
Puas yog MPO-12 tseem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev xa tawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab?
Nws nyob ntawm koj daim ntawv thov sib xyaw. Rau cov lag luam uas siv feem ntau 10G duplex kev sib txuas nrog cov txheej txheem cabling, MPO-12 tseem yog ib qho pov thawj thiab tus nqi- rov qab siv tau zoo. Rau hyperscale lossis huab ib puag ncig lub tsev nyob ib ncig ntawm 100G thiab 400G parallel optics, Base-8 MPO yog qhov kev nyiam tshaj plaws. Ntau lub ntiaj teb kev xa tawm tiag tiag siv qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob qho tib si, nrog rau kev hloov pauv cov khoom txuas txuas rau ob qhov uas xav tau. Rau kev taw qhia rau100G fiber ntau cable xaiv, saib peb tsab xov xwm tshwj xeeb.
