Yog vim li cas Unbalanced Splitting ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo rau cov phiaj xwm FTTH nyob deb nroog

Tus tsim ua haujlwm. Nws tsuas yog tsis yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txuas 32 lub tsev sib kis uas nyias.

Qhov kev sib tham ntawd yog qhov zoo nkauj ntawm qhov peb pom nrogNyob deb nroog FTTHtej yaam num. Qhov kev sib tw tsis yog technical feasibility -nws yog economics. Thiab thaum koj pib ua kom zoo dua rau tus nqi ib lub tsev dhau los hauv qis- thaj chaw ntom ntom, koj yuav saib xyuas qhov sib cais tsis sib npaug.

Yog li dab tsi tshwm sim ntawm no? Qhov teeb meem los mus rau qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm PON architecture li cas thiab yuav ua li cas cov neeg nyob deb nroog tau faib lub cev.

Nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam tuab, tej zaum koj yuav muaj 64 lub tsev nyob rau hauv ib tug 500-meter vojvoog ntawm ib tug splitter txee. Koj nruab 1:64 splitter, khiav luv luv cables rau txhua lub tsev, thiab kev lag luam ua haujlwm zoo nkauj. Tus nqi splitter tau muab faib thoob plaws 64 tus neeg rau npe. Cov kab khiav yog luv. Sawv daws zoo siab.

Tam sim no duab ib txoj kev nyob deb nroog. Koj twb muaj tej zaum 30 lub tsev tawm hauv 20 mais ntawm txoj kev. Ib txhia yog pawg ntawm 4-6 nyob ze ntawm txoj kev sib tshuam. Lwm tus zaum ib leeg ntawm 40-acre parcels. Yog tias koj sim ua haujlwm rau lawv nrog lub hauv nruab nrab splitter, koj tab tom khiav ib tus neeg fiber ntau rau mais mus txog cov tsev nyob deb kawg ntawm koj qhov chaw pabcuam.

Nov yog qhov uas cov nyiaj tau mus rau hauv kev tsim kho nyob deb nroog:

Daim ntawv ceeb toom yuav ua li cas cov nqi zog nyob twj ywm nyob nruab nrab ntawm ob qhov xwm txheej, tab sis cov nqi hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hauv cov chaw nyob deb nroog. Qhov ntawd yog koj leverage point. Thaum cable sawv cev ib nrab ntawm koj qhov project tus nqi es tsis txhob ntawm ib lub hlis twg, txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim uas ntxiv qhov ntev fiber ntau hits koj cov peev nyiaj nyuaj. Thiab ib txwm sib npaug sib npaug tsim qauv ntxiv ntau qhov tsis tsim nyog fiber ntau hauv cov xwm txheej nyob deb nroog.

Lwm txoj hauv kev-thiab qhov no yog qhov peb pom zoo rau Montana ISP- siv qhov hu ua tsis sib npaug lossis asymmetric splitting. Lub tswvyim tsis yog tshiab. Telecom engineers tau siv optical kais dej rau ntau xyoo hauv cable TV faib. Tab sis nws tau txais traction hnyav rauNyob deb nroog FTTHvim nws hais ncaj qha rau fiber ntau - teeb meem nqi.

Ib qho kev yooj yim primer yog tias koj tsis tshua paub txog hom splitter:

TxujPLC Splitterconfigurations faib cov khoom siv kho qhov muag sib npaug sib npaug ntawm txhua qhov tso zis. A 1: 8 splitter xa 12.5% ​​ntawm lub teeb rau txhua ntawm nws yim qhov chaw tso zis. A 1:32 splitter faib lub zog rau hauv 32 qhov sib npaug. Cov kev sib npaug sib npaug no ua haujlwm zoo thaum koj xav tau pab pawg ntawm cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm ib qho chaw.

Unbalanced splitters ua ib yam dab tsi txawv. Hloov chaw sib npaug, lawv faib lub zog raws li tus qauv tsim piv-hais 90/10 lossis 70/30. Qhov loj dua txuas ntxiv rau hauv lub cev fiber ntau los ua haujlwm rau cov chaw qis qis. Qhov me me kais tawm los pab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawd.

Vim li cas qhov no tseem ceeb rau cov kev sib tham nyob deb nroog? Vim tias koj tuaj yeem daisy- chains ntau yam tsis sib npaug ntawm cov kais dej ntawm ib lub cev fiber ntau, tshem tawm lub zog txaus ntawm txhua qhov chaw los ua haujlwm rau cov tsev hauv zos thaum khaws nyiaj siv kho qhov muag rau cov chaw txuas ntxiv mus.

Daim ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm peb cov engineers laus ntawm kev xaiv tus kais piv:

Thaum peb txiav txim siab nruab nrab ntawm 90/10 thiab 70/30, peb tsis yog saib ntawm qhov tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv nthuav qhia. Muaj qhov ua tau zoo uas tau saib tsis tu ncua:lub tsev kho mob yav tom ntej.

Nov yog peb txoj cai ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo. Yog tias ib pawg tam sim no tsuas muaj 3 lub tsev tab sis muaj av nyob ze, feem ntau peb yuav pom zoo kom muaj qhov sib piv me ntsis loj dua li kev ua lej nruj me ntsis-hais 80/20 es tsis txhob 90/10. Yog vim li cas? Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, xa ib tug neeg coob rov qab tawm mus re-splice lub cev kais tus nqi ntau tshaj qhov kho qhov muag lub hwj chim koj txuag los ntawm kev mus tsawg heev. Peb xav fij 1dB ntawm downstream margin upfront tshaj li poob lub peev xwm los ntxiv cov neeg siv khoom tom qab yam tsis muaj kev rov ua haujlwm loj. Ua hauv chav "plug thiab ua si" tam sim no; koj yuav ua tsaug rau koj tus kheej hauv ob xyoos thaum lub tsev tshiab nce mus rau txoj kev.

Cia peb taug kev los ntawm qhov no ua haujlwm li cas hauv thaj teb. Coj qhov project Montana peb tau hais. Tom qab tshuaj xyuas lawv tus qauv tsim, peb tau pab lawv ua qauv lwm txoj hauv kev siv cov khoom siv faib khoom siv.

Tus tsim thawj hu ua 48- fiber ntau faib cable khiav tag nrho 18-kilometer txoj kev, nrog fibers tev tawm ntawm ntau lub ntsiab lus kom ncav cuag pawg neeg. Tag nrho fiber ntau-kilometers hauv kev tsim: kwv yees li 380.

Txoj kev kho dua tshiab tau siv 2- lub cev fiber ntau (thawj ntxiv ntxiv rau thaub qab) nrog cov ntsiab lus kais ntawm txhua pawg neeg siv khoom. Ntawm thawj pawg-kwv yees li 3 mais ntawm lub taub hau-end-a 90/10 kais hloov 10% ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag mus rau ib qho me meFWB / FAT Boxnyob rau hauv 1:8 balanced splitter. Qhov ntawd pab 6 lub tsev nyob ze. Qhov seem 90% txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv lub cev.

Ntawm mais 7, lwm tus kais dej (qhov no 85/15) pab pawg ntawm 8 lub tsev. Ntawm km 12, 80/20 kais tuav 10 lub tsev. Thiab yog li ntawm txoj kev mus txog rau thaum pawg kawg tau txais txawm tias lub zog kho qhov muag tseem nyob -tseem nyob hauv GPON lub zog siv nyiaj rau kev ua haujlwm ONT.

Cable nqi kwv yees raws li 2024 bulk fiber ntau tus nqi; Tus nqi tiag tiag txawv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, hom cable, thiab xaj ntim.

Covfiber ntau txo tuaj txog li 65%. Txawm tias suav nyiaj rau cov kais dej ntxiv thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm txhua qhov chaw, cov khoom khaws cia tau tshaj $ 40,000 ntawm txoj kev 18-kilometer no.

Rau qhov ISP no, qhov $ 40,000 txuag ntawm cable txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lawv cov fiber ntau mus rau ob lub zej zog me me ntxiv uas yav dhau los suav tias "tsis ua tau" raws li cov peev nyiaj pab. Qhov ntawd yog qhov them nyiaj tiag tiag- tsis yog txuag nyiaj xwb, tab sis nthuav tawm qhov ua tau tiag tiag hauv lub hnab ntawv nyiaj ruaj khov.

ISP tau txav mus rau pem hauv ntej nrog tus qauv tsim tsis sib xws. Peb muab covPLC splittersthiab ua haujlwm nrog lawv ntawm kev xaiv tus kais piv rau txhua qhov.

Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog txoj hlua kais dej raws li fiber ntau yam tsis nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas rau koj cov peev nyiaj siv hluav taws xob kho qhov muag. Qhov no yog qhov chaw nyob deb nroog tau txais kev nthuav dav tshaj plaws - thiab qhov twg qee cov phiaj xwm network tau ntsib teeb meem.

Txhua yam khoom hauv PON qhia txog kev poob. Lub fiber nws tus kheej attenuates teeb liab ntawm kwv yees li 0.35 dB ib kilometer ntawm 1310nm wavelength. Cov khoom sib txuas ntxiv 0.3-0.5 dB txhua. Splices pab txhawb 0.1-0.2 dB. Thiab splitters qhia txog kev poob raws li lawv qhov kev teeb tsa.

Rau kev sib npaug sib npaug, kev ua lej yog ncaj nraim: 1: 8 splitter qhia txog 10.5 dB ntawm kev poob txawm tias qhov chaw nres nkoj twg koj ntsuas. Txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj pom tib theem zog.

Cov kais dej tsis sib npaug coj txawv. Qhov chaw nres nkoj (nqa lub zog rau cov kais dej hauv qab) pom qhov poob qis heev -feem ntau 0.5-2.5 dB nyob ntawm qhov sib faib. Qhov chaw nres nkoj kais (ua haujlwm rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv zos) pom qhov poob siab dua sib piv rau nws qhov kev faib hluav taws xob me me.

Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv sib piv. Cov no yog cov duab sawv cev-ib txwm txheeb xyuas tawm tsam cov chaw tsim khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom siv tiag tiag uas koj tab tom siv.

Tau qhov twg los: Muab tso ua ke los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv PLC splitter chaw tsim tshuaj paus suav nrog Corning, CommScope, thiab ntau yam OEM lwm tus. Tus nqi sawv cev rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm 1310/1550nm; qhov tseeb specifications txawv los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus.

Tus qauv GPON system muab txog 28 dB ntawm kev siv nyiaj kho qhov muag ntawm OLT transmitter thiab ONT txais. XGS-PON muaj 29-35 dB nyob ntawm chav kawm transceiver. Koj txoj hauj lwm yog los xyuas kom meej tias txhua tus neeg siv khoom - suav nrog qhov kawg ntawm koj cov kais saw-tau txais cov teeb liab txaus nyob rau hauv cov peev nyiaj ntawd.

Cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm peb pab pawg ua haujlwm:

Ntau tus neeg npaj tau suav tias 28dB pob nyiaj mus rau qhov kawg ntawm tus lej, nyem txhua mais lawv tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov txuas. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li Montana los yog sab qaum teb Scandinavia, koj yuav tsum tau ua rau lub caij ntuj no poob.

Peb tau ntsuas nws tus kheej: txias heev ua rau fiber ntau cables cog lus, thiab qis dua -cov adapters zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho lub cev hloov pauv me me uas qhia txog qhov poob ntxiv 0.5 txog 1dB uas tsis muaj nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli. Peb txoj cai tsim yog yooj yim-thaum suav lub zog ntawm ONT kawg hauv cov saw hlau,peb tsim nyob rau hauv tsawg kawg yog 3dB ntawm cov npoo tawv. Yog tias koj tus lej qhia -26dBm ntawm tus neeg siv khoom zaum kawg thiab koj hu nws zoo, koj yog ib qho cua daj cua dub lossis ib qho kev laus txuas ntawm qhov kev pabcuam hu. Tsis txhob txi txuas kev ruaj ntseg tsuas yog nyem rau hauv ib qho ntxiv kais.

Cov khoom siv lub cev tseem ceeb npaum li qhov tsim kho qhov muag. Txhua lub kais dej xav tau ib lub qhov rooj uas tiv thaiv lub splitter, muab cov ntsiab lus sib txuas rau cov xaim xaim, thiab muaj sia nyob txawm tias huab cua koj thaj chaw pabcuam cuam tshuam rau nws.

Rau kev xa tawm mus nyob deb nroog, qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias sab nraum zoov - ntsuasFWB / FAT Boxnrog IP55 lossis siab dua ingress tiv thaiv. Lub kaw lus yuav tsum ua kom haum rau tus kais dej sib cais ntxiv rau qhov sib npaug me me (feem ntau 1: 4 lossis 1: 8) rau kev faib khoom hauv zos. Chaw nres nkoj suav yuav tsum phim koj pawg neeg koom nrog nrog chav rau ob peb yam khoom. Thiab cov kev xaiv mounting yuav tsum haum rau koj qhov teeb meem kev teeb tsa tiag tiag-ncej mount, strand mount, lossis phab ntsa mount nyob ntawm qhov chaw.

Peb tau pom tej yaam num cuam tshuam los ntawm kev qhia cov ntaub thaiv npog uas zoo li tsim nyog ntawm daim ntawv tab sis tsis ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw. Ib lub thawv ntsuas rau 8 tus neeg yuav khoom poob tsis pab yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua txoj hauv kev thiab tswj cov xaim xaim kom huv. Ib qho thaiv nrog phab ntsa-mount- tsuas yog cov brackets dhau los ua teeb meem thaum ib nrab ntawm koj qhov chaw kais dej nyob ntawm cov ncej hluav taws xob.

Thaum peb muabFiber Optic Terminal Boxesrau tej yaam num xws li ib tug nyob rau hauv Montana, peb tsom mus rau qhov chaw - cov tswv yim nta {{1} zoo li mob siab rau sab hauv routing rau lub unbalanced kais module -kom ntseeg tau tias lub thawv tseem tswj tau txawm tias pawg loj hlob. Dab tsi tseem ceeb tshaj li cov khoom tshwj xeeb yog txuam nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog rau koj cov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam. Ib lub thawv $ 50 uas tsis kaw zoo tiv thaiv plua plav yuav ua rau koj raug nqi ntau dua hauv cov tsheb thauj khoom ntau dua li $ 80 lub thawv uas ua haujlwm zoo thawj zaug.

Ib lo lus nug uas tshwm sim tas li: thaum twg qhov kev sib cais tsis sib haum ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo nrog kev ua raws li cov qauv kev sib npaug?

Cov lus teb ncaj ncees yog nws nyob ntawm koj txoj kev geometry. Tab sis qee cov qauv tuav zoo nkauj tsis tu ncua.

Distributed kais architecture nyiam yeej thaum cov neeg siv khoom ceev poob qis dua li ntawm 15-20 lub tsev ib txoj kev-km. Ntawm qhov ceev dua, kev txuag fiber ntau txo qis vim tias koj twb nyob ze rau cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau tsis hais qhov twg koj muab koj lub splitter. Ntawm qhov ntom ntom qis-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cov tsev nyob hauv cov pab pawg sib cais los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm txoj kev khoob-cov kev txuag nyiaj sai.

Txoj kev ntev tseem ceeb heev. Ntawm txoj kev luv luv hauv qab 5-8 mais, qhov nyuaj ntawm kev tswj ntau lub ntsiab lus kais dej yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev txuag fiber ntau. Ntawm txoj kev ntev tshaj li 15-20 mais, koj feem ntau saib cov nyiaj khaws cia uas yooj yim dua qhov kev npaj thiab cov nqi ntxiv.

Thaum twg yuav taug kev deb ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm architecture-peb qhov kev coj ncaj ncees:

Saib, peb nyiam txoj hauv kev no thiab pom zoo nws ntau zaus. Tab sis muaj cov xwm txheej uas koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv 1:32 lossis 1:64 sib npaug:

1. "Wildfire" suburban loj hlob cheeb tsam.Yog tias koj txoj kev hla dhau ntawm thaj av uas tab tom yuav pom kev loj hlob vaj tsev loj nyob rau peb lub xyoos tom ntej no, cov saw hlau tsis sib npaug yuav saturate sai. Kev nthuav dav tom qab txhais tau hais tias yog rov ua dua - engineering tag nrho cov peev nyiaj kho qhov muag lossis ua haujlwm sib luag. Tsis yog lom zem. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov qauv tsim- qhov twg koj tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov chaw nres nkoj tsis siv cov khoom sib cais- yog qhov tsim nyog rau tus nqi txuas ntxiv.

2. Koj cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas tsis yog OTDR- xis nyob.Kev daws teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li qhov yooj yim 1:32 cais. Qhov kev poob qhov profile zoo li tus ntaiv ntawm OTDR kab, thiab yog tias koj cov techs tsuas paub siv lub teeb liab - lub teeb pom kev txhaum qhov chaw, lawv yuav tawm tsam. Peb tau pom cov neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev faib cov kais dej, tom qab ntawd siv rau lub hlis ntxhov siab vim tias txhua qhov kev pabcuam hu yuav siv sijhawm ntev li ob zaug. Yog tias koj pab neeg tsis tau npaj txhij rau txoj kev kawm nkhaus, them nyiaj rau cov fiber ntau ntxiv thiab ua kom koj txoj kev saib xyuas yooj yim.

Thaum twgBalanced vs. Unbalanced Splittersdhau los ua kev hu xov tooj ze, peb feem ntau nug: koj ntseeg siab npaum li cas hauv koj qhov kev kwv yees kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, thiab koj pab pawg ua haujlwm li cas? Yog tias ob qho lus teb yog "zoo nkauj heev," tsis sib npaug feem ntau yeej ntawm tus nqi. Yog hais tias ob lo lus teb yog "ua siab ncaj, tsis paub tseeb," sib npaug yuav muab chaw ntxiv rau koj hloov.

Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab ntawv pov thawj rau cov tes hauj lwm tsis sib npaug yuav tsum tau hloov kho los ntawm cov txheej txheem PON. Ntau cov ntsiab lus sib cais tsim OTDR cov cim uas zoo li txawv ntawm ib txwm ib txwm -splitter architectures, thiab cov thev naus laus zis yuav tsum nkag siab qhov lawv tab tom pom.

Txhua tus kais tau tshwm sim raws li qhov xwm txheej tsis sib xws ntawm OTDR kab. Qhov los ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj poob yog qhov me me (hauv qab 2 dB rau feem ntau qhov sib piv), thaum lub kais qhov chaw nres nkoj qhia qhov poob loj dua sib npaug rau nws qhov qauv tsim. Techs tsis paub txog qhov kev tsim vaj tsev no qee zaum txhais yuam kev cov kev xav tau poob ua txhaum.

VIAVI thiab lwm yam khoom siv kuaj cov tuam txhab tau ntxiv cov qauv tshwj xeeb rau kev ua tus cwj pwm tapered / unbalanced splitter tes hauj lwm. Raws li VIAVI cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, lawv cov khoom PON OTDR tam sim no suav nrog "kev txhawb nqa tsis sib npaug" tshwj xeeb los daws cov kev sim ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv faib khoom.

Cov ntaub ntawv dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua nrog cov qauv tsim tawm. Txhua qhov thaiv yuav tsum tau sau nrog nws tus kais piv thiab qhov kev poob qis rau qhov ntawd. Thaum lub tech teb rau qhov kev pabcuam hu rau ob xyoos tom qab kev teeb tsa, lawv yuav tsum nkag siab sai sai rau qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog ntawm qhov chaw ntawd yam tsis suav tag nrho cov peev nyiaj los ntawm kos.

Rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas nrhiav kev nrhiav nyiaj txiag hauv tsoomfwv,Nyob deb nroog FTTHtej yaam num feem ntau tsim nyog rau USDA ReConnect nyiaj pab thiab qiv. Qhov kev zov me nyuam tau nqis peev ntau dua $ 5 nphom txij li xyoo 2018 coj broadband rau cov cheeb tsam tsis muaj kev pab cuam. Cov kev cai tam sim no tswj hwm 100 Mbps symmetrical service peev xwm -zoo nyob rau hauv ncav cuag rau tsim kom zoo GPON lossis XGS-PON tes hauj lwm tsis hais seb koj puas siv cov khoom sib npaug lossis tsis sib npaug.

Qhov kev txwv tseem ceeb yog ua kom pom tias koj tus qauv tsim tau muab kev pabcuam txaus rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom. Koj qhov kev suav nyiaj siv kho qhov muag yuav tsum pom cov paj tau txaus txawm tias nyob ntawm qhov chaw deb tshaj plaws. Cov qauv tsis sib npaug tsis hloov qhov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua tau zoo- nws tsuas yog hloov pauv koj faib lub zog kho qhov muag kom tau raws li lawv tau txais txiaj ntsig.

Yog koj tab tom npaj aNyob deb nroog FTTHKev xa tawm thiab koj cov kev qhia qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm sib cais, cov qauv sib koom ua ke ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb, kev sib cais tsis sib haum tsim nyog tau txais kev soj ntsuam loj. Lub peev xwm los txo cov nqi fiber ntau los ntawm 30-50% ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm muaj peev xwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov chaw lag luam twb nruj.

Cov kev cai technical tsis txawv. Koj xav tau qhov zooPLC SplitterCheebtsam nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov tshwj xeeb rau ob qho tib si sib npaug thiab tsis sib npaug. Koj xav tau sab nraum zoov - ntsuasFWB / FAT Boxenclosures tsim nyog rau koj qhov teeb meem kev teeb tsa. Thiab koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj txog kev siv nyiaj txiag kho qhov muag kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus neeg siv khoom tau txais cov teeb liab txaus.

Dab tsi ua rau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua tiav thiab kev tawm tsam nyob deb nroog feem ntau tsis yog thev naus laus zis - nws yog seb lub network tsim nyiaj rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog tiag tiag es tsis yog hloov cov kev xav hauv nroog mus rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv.

Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thawj kauj ruam? Daim ntawv qhia koj qhov chaw cov neeg siv khoom tiag tiag thiab txoj hauv kev geometry. Txoj cai xaiv architecture ua raws li qhov kev txheeb xyuas ntawd, tsis yog los ntawm kev siv tus qauv qauv. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj ib txoj hauv kev nyob deb nroog thiab lej tsis ntxiv, xa koj cov duab geometry rau peb. Peb tuaj yeem khiav qhov kev sib piv ceev ceev ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab qhov tsis sib npaug rau koj qhov project tshwj xeeb - tsis muaj hlua txuas.Hu rau peb pab neeg-Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem uas peb nyiam ua haujlwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv

VIAV Solutions. "Fiber Construction, Part 3: Certifying PON with Unbalanced Splitter Architecture."

ISE Magazine. "FTTH Solutions for Rural Areas."

USDA Rural Development. "ReConnect Loan thiab Grant Program."

Lub koom haum Fiber Optic. "Fiber Optic Splitters rau PONs."

Cov ntaub ntawv tsis lees paub

Tus nqi txuag nyiaj feem pua, qhov tshwj xeeb kho qhov muag, thiab cov qauv piv txwv sawv cev rau cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam thiab cov xwm txheej piav qhia. Montana qhov project piv txwv siv cov duab sawv cev raws li cov qauv kev xa mus nyob deb nroog. Cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag yog nyob ntawm qhov kev qhia geometry, kev faib cov neeg siv khoom, kev xaiv cov khoom, thiab cov nqi ua haujlwm hauv zos. Optical poob qhov tseem ceeb yuav tsum raug txheeb xyuas tawm tsam cov chaw tsim khoom cov ntaub ntawv rau cov khoom tshwj xeeb. USDA cov nyiaj txiag cov nuj nqis raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm txij li xyoo 2024.