Ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag yog ib qho khoom siv fiber ntau optic uas faib ib lub teeb liab nkag mus rau hauv ob lossis ntau qhov tso zis tawm, faib hluav taws xob kho qhov muag hla ntau txoj hauv kev tsis tas yuav muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Hauv GPON lossis EPON network, nws yog cov khoom siv uas ua rau taw tes - mus rau -multipoint architecture ua tau - ib qho fiber ntau tawm hauv lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm, ntau tus neeg siv khoom txuas nrog ntawm qhov kawg. Yog tsis muaj nws, txhua tus neeg siv khoom yuav xav tau lub zog fiber ntau khiav rov qab mus rau OLT, thiab kev lag luam ntawm FTTH yuav poob sib nrug.
Cov lus qhia no suav nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm tom qab kev sib cais kho qhov muag, qhov tiag - ntiaj teb qhov sib txawv ntawm PLC thiab FBT thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm specs uas tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm yuav khoom, thiab qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus qhia rau xaiv qhov kev sib cais. Yog tias koj tau siv PON infrastructure lossis tab tom npaj tsim kho tshiab, cov ntsiab lus ntawm no yuav tsum txuag koj qee qhov mob taub hau ntawm theem tsim.
Lub Optical Splitter ua haujlwm li cas?
Lub physics yog ncaj nraim. Thaum lub teeb mus los ntawm ib qho - hom fiber ntau, feem ntau ntawm lub zog nyob hauv 9 µm core - tab sis tsis yog tag nrho nws. Ib feem me me nkag mus rau hauv lub cladding. Nqa ob lub cores fiber ntau ze ua ke, thiab lub zog xau pib txuas los ntawm ib tus tub ntxhais mus rau lwm qhov. Qhov no evanescent coupling tshwm sim yog lub hauv paus rau tag nrho cov passive fiber splitting.
Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau lawm splitter, tus ntaus ntawv yuav siv ib tug input teeb liab thiab redistributes lub optical hwj chim nyob rau hauv ntau yam tso zis ports ntawm ib tug txhais piv. Xav txog 1 × 4 splitter: ib fibers nkag mus rau hauv, plaub fibers tawm, txhua tus nqa kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm cov thawj lub teeb liab zog. Tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tsis muaj hluav taws xob sab nraud - tsuas yog waveguide geometry ua haujlwm. Tias yog vim li cas cov khoom no hu ua passive optical splitters.
Ntawm no yog qhov uas nws tau txais tswv yim. Txhua qhov sib cais raug nqi koj lub zog kho qhov muag. Ib qho 1 × 2 cais noj txog 3.5 dB. Thaum lub sij hawm koj ncav cuag 1 × 32, koj tab tom saib qhov kev poob qis sab qaum teb ntawm 15 dB - thiab qhov ntawd yog ua ntej koj ntxiv qhov poob, fiber ntau attenuation, thiab splice cov ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau FTTH rollouts, lub splitter xaus mus ua ib tug loj tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm poob nyob rau hauv lub link pob nyiaj siv. Tau txais qhov sib faib tsis raug txhais tau hais tias nkim OLT cov chaw nres nkoj lossis khiav mus rau kev txais - teeb meem fais fab ntawm ONUs nyob deb.
PLC Splitter vs FBT Splitter: Dab tsi tiag tiag
Txhua qhov optical splitter ntawm kev ua lag luam siv ib qho ntawm ob txoj kev tsim khoom siv thev naus laus zis, thiab kev xaiv ntawm lawv tsawg dua qhov uas yog "zoo dua" thiab ntau ntxiv txog qhov uas haum rau koj qhov kev xa tawm tshwj xeeb.
Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) Splitters
FBT yog txoj hauv kev qub. Ob los yog ntau dua fibers yog bundled ua ke, rhuab, thiab stretched kom txog thaum lub cores fuse. Thaum lub sij hawm tapering txheej txheem, cov kws kho mob saib xyuas qhov sib txuas ntawm lub sijhawm thiab nres thaum lub hom phiaj sib cais. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho yooj yim, pov thawj ntaus ntawv uas raug nqi tsawg dua los tsim - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qis cais suav xws li 1 × 2 lossis 1 × 4.
Qhov kev sib pauv tshwm sim ntawm qhov ntsuas. Thaum koj thawb yav dhau los 1 × 8, FBT splitters tawm tsam nrog cov zis sib xws: qee qhov chaw nres nkoj tau pom lub zog ntau dua li lwm tus. Tus nqi poob nce ib yam nkaus. Kev txhawb nqa wavelength yog txwv rau 850 nm, 1310 nm, thiab 1550 nm - zoo rau PON yooj yim, tab sis qhov txwv yog tias koj xav tau tag nrho -spectrum compatibility. Thiab qhov kev khiav hauj lwm kub (-5℃rau 75 degree) tswj lawv tawm rau sab nraum zoov cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas hnyav winters los yog suab puam tshav kub.
Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC) Splitters
PLC splitters yog tsim los siv semiconductor lithography - waveguide circuits etched mus rau silica iav substrate nrog tib precision siv hauv chip fabrication. Qhov tshwm sim yog nruj, cov zis tsis sib xws thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, txawm tias muaj kev sib cais siab.PLC fiber ntau optic splitterstxhawb nqa tag nrho 1260–1650 nm wavelength ntau yam, npog txhua tus qauv PON wavelength ntxiv rau 1550 nm band siv rau RF video overlay thiab 1625 nm qhov rais siv rau kev saib xyuas kab.
Vim tias qhov sib cais tshwm sim ntawm ib nti, PLC cov cuab yeej ntsuas txog 1 × 64 lossis 2 × 64 yam tsis muaj qhov loj me. Qhov dav dav ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm kub (-40℃txog 85 degree, ib Telcordia GR-1209-CORE xeem yuav tsum tau) ua rau lawv lub neej ntawd xaiv rau tej sab nraum zoov los yog uncontrolled-ib puag ncig installation. Tus nqi ib chav yog siab dua FBT, tab sis rau ib yam dab tsi saum toj no 1 × 4 phua, PLC yog dab tsi feem ntau paub txog network planners spec - thiab yog vim li cas.
Kev sib piv ceev
| Parameter | FBT Splitter | PLC Splitter |
|---|---|---|
| Txoj kev tsim khoom | Fiber fusion thiab tapering | Semiconductor lithography ntawm silica nti |
| Kev them nyiaj yug wavelength | 850 / 1310 / 1550 nm | 1260-1650 nm (tag nrho spectrum) |
| Max practical split ratio | 1 × 8 (qhov sib piv siab dua tau nce qhov ua tsis tiav) | 1 × 64 lossis 2 × 64 |
| Tso zis uniformity | Nruab nrab - tsis sib npaug ntawm qhov sib cais siab dua | Siab - zoo ib yam thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj |
| Ua haujlwm kub | -5℃rau 75 degree | -40℃rau 85 degree |
| txheeb ze tus nqi | qis (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm 1 × 2, 1 × 4) | Siab dua, tab sis zoo dua rau -port tus nqi ntawm qhov ntsuas |
| Zoo tshaj plaws | Cov peev nyiaj-sensitive, tsawg- suav, kev xa tawm sab hauv tsev | Siab - suav, sab nraum zoov, tus nqa khoom- qib PON |
Cov kev ua tau zoo uas tau hais los saum toj no yog raws li Telcordia GR-1209-CORE thiab GR-1221-CORE cov qauv, uas txhais tau tias muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas siv hauv kev sib txuas lus.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tau zoo los xyuas ua ntej koj yuav
Cov nplooj ntawv tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem ntom ntom, tab sis tsib qhov tsis tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - thiab hla ib qho ntawm lawv thaum kev yuav khoom yog qhov yuam kev uas tau ua rau kev ua tsis tiav tiag:
- Insertion poob:Ntau npaum li cas optical zog lub splitter siv. Lub qhov dej- ua 1 × 8 PLC splitter yuav tsum tuaj ntawm tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 10.5 dB; a 1 × 32 ntawm Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 17.5 dB. Cov theem pib no yog los ntawm GR-1209-CORE Table 2. Yog tias tus neeg muag khoom cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov no, koj cov peev nyiaj txuas yuav tsis nyob deb.
- Rov Los Los:Reflected zog rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Rau SC/APC-tawm cov splitters (tus qauv hauv GPON), kev poob rov qab yuav tsum siab dua lossis sib npaug li 55 dB. Kev poob rov qab tsis zoo ua rau OLT txais lub suab nrov thiab ua rau cov teeb liab ntws tawm tsis zoo.
- Uniformity:Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov phem tshaj tawm qhov chaw nres nkoj. Txhua yam saum toj no 1.5 dB txhais tau tias qee cov neeg siv tau txais cov cim tsis muaj zog. Hauv 1 × 32 lossis 1 × 64 kev xa tawm, kev nruj nruj tsis yog xaiv tau - nws yog qhov ua rau koj cov neeg siv khoom nyob hauv online.
- Ua haujlwm wavelength:PON tes hauj lwm xav tau 1260-1650 nm bandpass kev pab them nqi. Qhov no tsis yog -kev sib tham tau yog tias koj tab tom khiav GPON (1490/1310 nm) nrog video overlay (1550 nm) lossis npaj yuav ntxiv XGS-PON cov kev pabcuam (1577 nm downstream) ntawm tib lub fiber ntau.
- Kev taw qhia:Ntsuas crosstalk cais ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj tso zis. Lub hom phiaj ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 55 dB. Kev ncaj qha qis txhais tau hais tias cov neeg siv cov cim tuaj yeem los ntshav rau ib leeg - qhov teeb meem tiag tiag hauv siab - qhov sib cais.
Xaiv ib tug Splitter los ntawm Deployment Scenario
Qhov "txoj cai" splitter nyob ntawm qhov nws yuav mus thiab nws yuav tsum ua dab tsi. Nov yog li cas qhov kev txiav txim siab feem ntau plays tawm hauv kev xyaum:
Qhov project me FTTH (hauv qab 50 lub tsev): A 1 × 8 PLC splitternyob rau hauv ib lub thawv ABS yog tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm no. Nws khaws qhov kev poob qis tuaj yeem tswj tau, haum rau hauv lub thawv ntim khoom sab nraum zoov, thiab tawm hauv chav kom loj hlob yog tias lub zej zog nthuav dav. Rau cov pawg tsawg tshaj plaws - hais tias, plaub lub tsev tawm ntawm ib qho poob - FBT 1 × 4 tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yog tias pob nyiaj siv yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Dense nroog MDU (cov tsev tsev, chaw ua haujlwm yees):Mus nrog 1 × 32 PLC nyob rau hauv ib lub LGX cassette los yog 1U khib-mount form factor. Chaw nres nkoj ceev teeb meem nyob rau hauv riser closets qhov chaw yog nruj. Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub splitter yog ua ntej- txuas nrog SC/APC kom ceev installation - teb splicing nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg coob riser yog qeeb thiab yuam kev- nquag.
Sab nraum zoov cov txee:PLC yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Qhov kub ntawm kev caij tsheb kauj vab ib leeg yuav ua rau FBT splitter lub sijhawm. ABS- ntim los yog tsis thaivfiber ntau optic splittersntsuas rau -40℃txog 85℃yog tus qauv ntawm no. Qhia meej IP65-rated enclosures yog tias lub txee raug huab cua.
Nyob deb nroog lossis ntev -kev sib txuas:Insertion poob yog qhov txwv. Txhua dB suav thaum ONU yog 15-20 km ntawm OLT. Siv qhov sib faib qis tshaj plaws uas tseem ua haujlwm rau koj cov neeg siv khoom suav, thiab xav txog cov kev sib cais tsis sib npaug uas muab ntau lub zog rau cov neeg siv nyob deb. A 1 × 16 feem ntau yog lub qab nthab rau cov neeg nyob deb nroog spans - thawb mus rau 1 × 32 thiab koj yuav poob qis hauv qab qhov kev nkag siab ntawm qhov kawg.
Central Office los yog Data Center: Khib -mounted PLC splittersnyob rau hauv 1U vaj tse yog tsim rau ib puag ncig no. Lawv xaub mus rau hauv tus qauv 19-inch racks, siv ua ntej- txiav cov hlua khi, thiab tso cai rau kub- pauv kev saib xyuas yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kab hluav taws xob uas nyob ib sab. Rau PON aggregation rhawv pab ntau pua tus neeg siv khoom, 2 × 32 lossis 2 × 64 kev teeb tsa nrog ob lub tswv yim muab qhov tsis sib xws uas cov cab kuj-qib SLAs xav tau.
Feem ntau yuam kev uas raug nqi sij hawm thiab nyiaj txiag
Ob peb tus qauv tuaj dua thiab rov ua dua hauv kev xa tawm. Tshaj -splitting yog feem ntau: engineers spec a 1 × 32 vim lawv xav tau lub peev xwm headroom, tab sis cov peev nyiaj txuas tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws ntawm qhov kev ncua deb. Qhov tshwm sim yog marginal ONUs uas poob offline thaum lub sij hawm kub hloov los yog connector laus. Ib txwm khiav qhov kev suav nyiaj siv hluav taws xob ua ntej - tom qab ntawd xaiv qhov sib cais.
Connector mismatch yog lwm qhov. Kev sib xyaw SC / UPC thiab SC / APC hauv tib txoj kev PON qhia txog cov ntsiab lus xav tau uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Nws suab yooj yim, tab sis nws tshwm sim tsis tu ncua ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm loj nrog ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm installation. Qhov kev txhim kho yog yooj yim: ua qauv ntawm SC / APC thoob plaws tag nrho cov nroj tsuag sab nraud. Xyuas kom koj lub splitter, thaj qaum, thiabtib - hom fiber ntauinfrastructure txhua qhov sib tw.
Thaum kawg, ignoring uniformity specs. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, ib tug pheej yig splitter nrog 2.5 dB uniformity thiab ib tug zoo splitter nrog 1.0 dB uniformity yuav zoo li zoo sib xws. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov sib txawv ntawm 1.5 dB txhais tau tias ib tus neeg siv khoom ntawm koj lub network 1 × 32 tuaj yeem tau txais ib nrab ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag ntawm lwm tus. Tshaj li 10-15 km ncua, qhov sib txawv ntawd txiav txim siab tias leej twg txuas nrog thiab leej twg tsis ua.
Qhov twg Optical Splitters siv
Kev sib txuas lus tseem yog daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb. Hauv GPON lossis XGS-PON architecture, splitters zaum ntawm OLT ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab thiab ONUs ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, ua kom ib qho fiber ntau ua haujlwm rau 32 lossis 64 qhov kawg. Lub ntsiab lus no -rau-multipoint qauv yog lub caj qaum ntawm thaj chaw nyob broadband, kev lag luam fiber ntau, thiab CATV xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb.
Sab nraud ntawm kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam passive optical LAN (POL) kev xa tawm siv cov khoom sib cais los txiav cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv - ib lub pob txha fiber ntau hloov cov plag tsev ntawm tooj liab cabling thiab Ethernet keyboards. Cov chaw muaj kev sib cais los ntawm cov tes hauj lwm sensor, leveraging fiber ntau tiv thaiv electromagnetic cuam tshuam. Kev ntsuas thiab ntsuas kev teeb tsa siv kais splitters los saib xyuas cov tsheb khiav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Dab tsi yog Tom ntej rau Splitter Technology
Kev thawb mus rau 10G-PON (XGS-PON, 50G-PON) thiab kev sib txuas ntau- wavelength nkag tau nce lub bar rau kev ua haujlwm splitter. Cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke-twb muaj GPON thiab XGS-PON ntawm tib lub fiber ntau xav tau cov khoom sib txuas nrog lub tiaj tiaj tsis tuaj yeem hla tag nrho 1260-1650 nm qhov rai - ib qho wavelength- nyob ntawm qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem taw qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm ntug. PLC technology tswj qhov zoo; FBT tsis yog.
Unbalanced splitting yog tau txais tiag tiag traction. Ntau dua li kev kho txhua qhov tso zis sib npaug, cov sib cais tsis sib npaug faib lub zog asymmetrically - ntau dua rau cov neeg nyob deb lossis siab -xav tau cov neeg siv, tsawg dua rau cov nyob ze. Qhov no txhim kho kev siv chaw nres nkoj thiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hauv qhov txuas ntxiv - mus txog qhov xwm txheej.
Ntawm kev tsim khoom, PLC nti ntom ntom txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Splitters txhawb 1 × 128 ntawm ib lub nti twb tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom, thawb cov neeg siv khoom -ib -OLT- chaw nres nkoj piv siab dua thiab ua rau tus nqi qis rau ib tsev neeg txuas nrog hauv loj - nplai fiber ntau tsim.
Cov lus nug nquag
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm PLC Splitter thiab FBT Splitter yog dab tsi?
A: FBT splitters yog tsim los ntawm lub cev sib xyaw fibers ua ke - yooj yim, pheej yig, thiab siv tau txog li 1 × 4. PLC splitters yog tsim los ntawm silica nti siv lithography, muab lawv zoo dua qub, kev txhawb nqa dav dua (1260–1650 nm), thiab sib cais ntau dua (txog 1 × 64). Rau kev sib sib zog nqus kev sib tsoo, saib qhov nofiber optic splitter sib piv.
Q: Yuav Ua Li Cas Tsis Muaj Teeb Meem Teeb Pom Kev Pom Zoo Qhia?
A: Nws nyob ntawm qhov sib cais. Rough benchmarks per GR-1209-CORE: 1 × 2 ≈ 3.5 dB, 1 × 8 ≈ 10.5 dB, 1 × 16 ≈ 13.5 dB, 1 × 32 ≈ 17.5 dB. Cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag los ntawm qhov zoo PLC splitters feem ntau tuaj me ntsis hauv qab cov lej no. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb yog xyuas kom tseeb tias koj qhov kev sib txuas tag nrho - splitter, fiber ntau, connectors, splices - nyob twj ywm hauv cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob transceiver.
Q: Ib qho Optical Splitter puas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog GPON thiab EPON?
A: Yog. Ob qho qauv ua haujlwm hauv 1260-1650 nm qhov rais. PLC splitter ntsuas rau tag nrho cov bandpass no yog raws tu qauv-agnostic - nws faib lub hwj chim kho qhov muag txawm hais tias lub framing hom. Tib yam siv rau 10G-PON variants xws li XGS-PON thiab 10G-EPON.
Q: Qhov twg yuav tsum Splitters muab tso rau hauv PON Network?
A: Tsis muaj ib lo lus teb zoo. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab ua kom yooj yim txij nkawm tab sis xav tau kev khiav haujlwm ntev dua. Kev faib chaw - nyob rau hauv txoj kev txee los yog lub tsev hauv qab daus - txiav kev siv fiber ntau thiab txo qhov kawg - mais kev poob, tab sis ntxiv cov ntaub thaiv npog ntxiv los tswj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm feem ntau tsaws ntawm ob - theem sib cais: 1 × 4 ntawm lub txee, tom qab ntawd 1 × 8 ntawm lub tsev nkag, muab qhov sib xyaw 1 × 32 ncav cuag nrog kev tswj tsis tau ntawm txhua theem.
Q: Dab tsi Connectors Kuv Yuav Tsum Siv Nrog Optical Splitters?
A: SC / APC yog tus qauv PON. Lub 8-degree angled polish thawb rov qab poob qis dua -60 dB, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev xa tawm zoo. SC / UPC ua haujlwm rau cov ntawv thov tsawg dua. LC connectors tshwm nyob rau hauv high-density khib ib puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov sib xws - txhua qhov txuas, adapter, thiab thaj qaum hauv txoj kev yuav tsum yog tib hom kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo.
