"Vim li cas kuv lub tsev kawm ntawv 10G network tseem lag luam thaum kuv siv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ib hom fiber ntau?"

Qhov ntawd yog cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke peb hnub ua ntej tsev kawm qib siabFull Optical Campusmuab. Hauv lab,Tib hom vs Multimodezoo li ib qho yooj yim spec daim ntawv sib piv. Ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiag tiag? Dab neeg sib txawv. Peb tau pom tej yaam num derail vim ib tug neeg sib tw UPC xiav connector rau APC ntsuab adapter. Los yog underestimated ONT txuas pob nyiaj siv. Los yog blew cov peev nyiaj ntawm ib hom transceivers rau 100-meter khiav uas yuav tau siv pheej yig dua multimode optics.

Nrog FTTO dhau los ua tus qauv tshiab, kev xaiv fiber ntau tau txav deb dhau "ib hom rau ntev, multimode rau luv." Yog tias koj txoj hauv kev cabling yog daig hauv thaj chaw phau ntawv qhia-ua ncaj ncees, tej zaum koj yuav tau cog cov av rau kev hloov kho yav tom ntej.

Daim duab no: ib lub tsev 50- tsev kawm ntawv uas yuav tsis xav tau ib lub cable hloov rau 20 xyoo. Qhov ntawd yog cov lus cog tseg ntawm tus tsim zooPOL kab ntawv qhiakev siv. Tab sis txoj kev nyob ntawd? Sau nrog ntxiab. LC lossis SC/APC? Tag nrho ib hom nyob rau hauv kab rov tav khiav, los yog khaws multimode kom txuag tau ntawm optical modules? Ib qho tsis ncaj ncees lawm connector spec tsis yog ncua koj ncua sij hawm. Nws multiplies tu mob taub hau rau xyoo.

Cia peb hla cov ntsiab lus physics uas koj tau pom ib puas zaug. Lub hom phiaj ntawm no: pab koj ua qhov kev txiav txim siab "tau txais nws yog thawj zaug".

Cov Naj Npawb Qhov Tseem Ceeb

Koj twb pom daim ntawv sib piv tus qauv. Core diam, wavelength, nrug. Tau lawm. Tab sis cov kab kos tsis qhia koj zaj dab neeg tiag tiag: tib hom vs multimode kev txiav txim siab yog hais txog nyiaj. Tsis yog physics.

Xav txog qhov no. Ib hom yog lub tsheb ua kis las-ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb hauv lub hauv paus kom nyias nyias (9 micrometers) uas tib neeg cov plaub hau zoo li rog hauv qhov sib piv. Cov teeb liab huv si, taug kev 10, 20, 100 mais yam tsis xav tau kev txhawb nqa. Multimode yog lub tsheb thauj khoom. Cov tub ntxhais dav dua (50 micrometers{10}}tseem nyias dua cov plaub hau, tab sis 6x loj dua), ntau lub teeb pom kev zoo bouncing ib txhij. Yooj yim ua hauj lwm nrog, pheej yig dua rau kev sib txuas. Tab sis cov bouncing beams pib cuam tshuam tom qab ob peb puas meters. Teeb liab tau av nkos.

Pom lub ntxiab? Tib hom cable yog pheej yig dua. Tab sis transceivers raug nqi 3-5x ntxiv. Rau 500-chaw nres nkoj tsev kawm ntawv, qhov sib txawv ntawd hits $30,000-50,000 hauv optics ib leeg. Hauv peb cov haujlwm 2023-2024 thoob plaws tebchaws Esxias sab hnub tuaj Asia, peb tau pom cov neeg yuav khoom tau kub hnyiab los ntawm qhov tseeb suav-xaiv ib hom "rau yav tom ntej-pov thawj" ntawm kev khiav luv luv, tom qab ntawd scrambling thaum tus nqi transceiver tshuab pob nyiaj siv.

Tam sim no -POL architecture hloov txhua yam.Full Optical Campuskev xa tawm siv POLxav tauib hom. Tsis muaj kev xaiv koom nrog. Cov thev naus laus zis siv GPON wavelength - faib multiplexing - ob lub wavelength mus txawv teb chaws cov lus qhia ntawm ib qho fiber ntau. Tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog ib hom kev sib kis huv.

Yog li yog tias koj tab tom tsim POL, hla kev sib cav ntau hom. Tab sis tsoos Ethernet? Qhov ntawd yog qhov twgFiber xaiv rau Optical LANtau nyuaj.

Vim li cas SC/APC Dominates POL (Thiab Yuav Ua Li Cas Thaum Koj Muab Xim)

Cov kab ke hauv tsev kawm ntawv ib txwm zoo li tsob ntoo. Core hloov ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, faib hloov ntawm cov ceg ntoo, nkag mus rau txhua qhov chaw. Ntau yam khoom siv, ntau lub zog, ntau yam uas tawg.

POL hais tias. Ib lub hauv paus OLT txuas los ntawm passive splitters rau ONTs ntawm txhua lub rooj lossis chav. Tsis muaj intermediate keyboards. Tsis muaj IDF txee dai khaub ncaws ntawm txhua lub tsev. Tsuas yog fiber ntau, splitters, endpoints.

[Data Center] → OLT → Single Fiber → 1:32 Splitter → 32 ONTs

Hauv qab: 1490nm|Upstream: 1310nm|Ob leeg ntawm ONE fiber ntau strand

Cov splitters yog kiag li passive. Tsis muaj hwj chim, tsis muaj hluav taws xob, tsis muaj dab tsi poob. Lub teeb los ntawm OLT hits 1: 32 splitter thiab faib rau 32 qhov chaw. Zoo li lub vaj hose nrog 32-txoj kev sprinkler-tshwj tsis yog koj tab tom faib lub teeb laser, tsis yog dej siab.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb feem ntau cov lus qhia hla: POL siv SC / APC txuas yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Lub "APC" txhais tau tias Angled Physical Contact-ferrule polished ntawm 8 degrees es tsis txhob tiaj tus. Thaum lub teeb hits lub tiaj tiaj (UPC), qee qhov thaws rov qab mus rau qhov chaw. Hauv bidirectional POL, cov kev xav no tsim suab nrov. Tshaj kaum ob ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txuas, suab nrov accumulates.

Lub ntsej muag APC bounces reflections deb ntawm lub hauv paus. Rov qab poob poob los ntawm ~-50 dB (UPC) rau -65 dB lossis zoo dua (APC). Kwv yees li 30x tsawg dua lub teeb ua rau nws rov qab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus POL? Qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb liab huv thiab degraded ib qho.

TIA Fiber Optic Training Council muab tso rau nws yooj yim: SC / APC yog tus qauv rau passive optical tes hauj lwm vim hais tias rov poob cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv bidirectional systems. Tsis txhob thib ob -xav qhov no - mus SC/APC.

Yuav ua li cas thaum koj sib tov ntsuab thiab xiav:

Peb pom qhov no ntawm lub tsev so ntse GPON project xyoo tas los. Tus neeg cog lus siv SC/APC (ntsuab) ntawm hauv pem teb - theem splitter outputs - yog. Tab sis tom qab ntawd muab cov chav SC / UPC (xiav) thaj qaum rau ONT kev sib txuas. Lub cev, nws ntsaws rau hauv. Hluav taws xob? Kev puas tsuaj.

Lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag ntsib lub ntsej muag tiaj tus tsim kom muaj qhov sib txawv me me. Kev sib cuag cheeb tsam shrinks yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi. Rov qab poob plummets. Reflected optical zog ua rau siab - lub tswb ceeb toom ntawm OLT. Qhov phem dua- thaum 1550nm CATV teeb liab los ntawm lub zog siab dua, qhov sib txawv ntawm huab cua ua rau ONTs hauv cov chav ntug kom poob qis dua. Cov qhua yws. Kev tswj hwm panicked. Kev kho yuav tsum tau rov- rub cov hlua rau 200+ chav.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho - kho qhov muag network, ntsuab- mus rau -xiav tsis yog "slower me ntsis." Nws yog lub teeb liab qhov dub. Qhov ntawd 1dB qhov kev poob qis nce zoo li me me-tab sis ntawm 1:64 sib cais txuas, nws yog cov quav cab uas ua rau lub cev tawg.

Kev txiav txim siab xa tawm tiag

Rov qab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv chaw rau thawj splitter.Nov yog koj txoj kev loj. Txhua yam ntws los ntawm nws. POL txhais tau tias ib hom OS2 nrog SC/APC-tsis muaj kev sib tham. Tab sis qib cable, ua ntej-tawm vs teb- xaus, suav cov fiber ntau? Tseem txiav txim siab ua.

Rau kev khiav qis dua 2km (feem ntau cov pob txha hauv tsev kawm ntawv), tus qauv OS2 ua haujlwm. hwm qis- poob fiber ntau? Overkill tshwj tsis yog tias koj tab tom thawb cov hlua txuas ntev ntev lossis npaj 25G-PON hloov kho dua tshiab. Insertion poob ib connector yuav tsum nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv 0.3 dB- qhia qhov no nyob rau hauv koj RFQ, yuav tsum tau xeem ntawv ceeb toom.

Ua ntej- cov kab hluav taws xob kaw tau raug nqi ntau dua tab sis txuag lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Rau tsev kho mob lossis tsev kawm qib siab uas txo qis kev cuam tshuam? Tsim nyog nws. Kev tsim kho tshiab nrog lub sij hawm spare? Kev txiav tawm hauv teb ua haujlwm zoo. Rau siab -kev txiav txim siab ntawm OLT,fiber ntau optic connectorstsim los rau khib-mount daim ntawv thov ua kom paub qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab nkag tau yooj yim dua thaum kho.

Distribution cables los ntawm splitters rau ONTs.

Qhov no yog qhov twgFTTO fiber ntau connectorstau nthuav. Tsis yog ib qho cables -32 cables los ntawm txhua qhov splitter mus rau 32 qhov chaw. Muab faib los ntawm splitter suav. Mid-loj lub tsev kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav muaj 50+ splitters pab 1, 500+ endpoints. Muaj ntau connectors.

SC/APC tseem nyob li qub. Tab sis xyuas koj ONT specs ua ntej -qee cov qauv tshiab siv LC/APC chaw nres nkoj. Yog tias ua tau, koj tuaj yeem khiav LC-tawm cables thoob plaws hauv (ntxuav huv) lossis siv SC-LC hybrid adapters ntawm lub splitter (ntxiv cov ntsiab lus txuas). Peb feem ntau pom zoo rau thawj qhov kev xaiv. Txhua lub adapter yog qhov muaj peev xwm ua tsis tiav.

Yog vim li cas connector zoo tseem ceeb ntawm scale:

Qhov sib txawv ntawm 0.1 dB rau ib lub connector suab tsis tseem ceeb. Ntau ntau pua ntawm kev sib txuas- nws tsis yog. Hom 1: 32 POL architecture muaj ~ 28 dB tag nrho cov peev nyiaj poob. Splitter noj 15-17 dB. Cable attenuation yuav siv sij hawm ob peb ntxiv. Uas tawm tej zaum 8-10 dB rau tag nrho cov connector poob. Pheej yig connectors thawb koj tshaj nyiaj txiag ntawm kev khiav ntev.

Ib txwm Ethernet qaum qaum (thaum koj tsis ua POL).Tsis yog txhua tus npaj txhij rau POL. Renovating infrastructure uas twb muaj lawm? Cov kev txwv nyiaj txiag? Ib txwm hloov Ethernet tseem ua haujlwm. Kev txiav txim siab fiber ntau ho.

Hauv qab 300 meters-pem teb- mus rau-pem teb, cov tsev uas nyob ib sab-OM4 multimode nrog LC duplex ua rau kev lag luam. Kev txuag hluav taws xob (SR vs LR modules) ntxiv thaum txuas ntau lub keyboards. Tus lej suav hloov ntawm 300+ meters. Multimode tawm tsam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv siab dua speeds.Ib hom kev siv hauv Campus Networkinter- tsev txuas muab qhov tsis txwv bandwidth headroom. Nruab ib zaug, txhawb 10G, 100G, 400G-txawm li cas los xij.

LC/UPC (tsis yog APC) ua haujlwm zoo rau taw tes - rau - taw tes Ethernet. Tsis muaj ob-directional WDM, yog li tus nqi APC ntxiv thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tsim nyog.

Kev sib txuas ntawm Desktop thiab Zone Enclosure Solution

FTTO txhais tau hais tias fiber ntau ncav cuag lub rooj. Ib puag ncig txawv dua li qhov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv. Cables tau ncaws. Cov rooj zaum yob hla lawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tu cov khoom ua pob. CovFiber Connector xaiv Guiderau lub desktop ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev.

Khoov- fiber ntau insensitive (BIF) tsis yog -negotiable. Standard fiber poob teeb liab ntawm nruj khoov. BIF tuav khoov radii mus rau 7.5mm-nruj dua koj tus ntiv tes pinky. Ua ntej- txiav cov hlua txuas (2m, 3m, 5m) txuag lub sijhawm tiv thaiv kev txiav tawm ntawm txhua lub rooj. Tus nqi sib txawv tsawg kawg nkaus, zam qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa.

Qhov kev sib tw qhib chaw ua haujlwm:

Ntawm ib qhov project rau lub tuam txhab internet loj - qhib qhov chaw ua haujlwm tiav - tus tsim qauv tsis kam mount ib qho kev pom cable tais rau ntawm kab ntawv txhawb nqa. Kev xa ncaj qha los ntawm qaum mus rau txhua lub rooj txhais tau tias fiber ntau nyob txhua qhov chaw. Npau suav phem khaws cia.

Peb cov kev daws teeb meem: Zone Enclosures nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab plenum los yog nyob rau hauv pem teb tsa. Khiav ntau- fiber ntau MPO trunks los ntawm qaum qaum mus rau txhua lub thawv. Hauv lub thawv, tawg tawm mus rau LC Uniboot thaj qaum ua haujlwm rau 6-8 qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob ze.

The payoff? Thaum cov chaw ua haujlwm txav mus (thiab lawv ib txwm ua), koj tsis txhob kov cov pob txha caj qaum hauv qab nthab. Tsuas yog pauv lub 3-meter thaj qaum ntawm lub thawv cheeb tsam. Peb cov neeg siv khoom kwv yees: 70% txo qis hauv MACs (tsiv / ntxiv / hloov pauv) tus nqi ua haujlwm. Tshaj li 3 xyoos ntawm kev tsim kho chaw ua haujlwm, uas ntxiv.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: hauv cov thawv nruj nruj, LC Uniboot lossis Push-Pull Tab connectors yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Thaum 12 thaj qaum ntsaws rau hauv, tus qauv LC connectors tsis tawm hauv chav ntiv tes kom tshem tawm ib yam dab tsi. Peb tau kawm qhov no nyuaj rau txoj haujlwm rov qab ua dua tshiab- yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib nrab ntawm lub thawv kom nkag mus rau ib lub cable.

Nqe Lus Nug

Txhua tus nug txog tus nqi. Teb yog nyob ntawm koj lub sijhawm. POL raug nqi ntau dua (OLTs thiab ONTs tsis pheej yig) tab sis txuag tau ntau heev ntawm txhua yam ntxiv -tshwj xeeb tshaj 10 xyoo.

Rough breakdown rau 500 endpoints. Cov no yog cov kev kwv yees kev lag luam, tsis tau lees paub cov lus qhia-koj qhov kev ncua deb txawv ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, cheeb tsam, qhov tshwj xeeb.

Qhov twg POL txuag feem ntau: pem teb chaw thiab lub zog. Cov kev sib txuas ib txwm xav tau IDF cov txee dai khaub ncaws txhua hauv pem teb-switches, UPS, cua txias. POL hloov txhua yam nrog passive splitters xav tau tsis muaj hwj chim, tsis muaj cua txias, haum rau hauv ib phab ntsa-mounted lub thawv qhov loj ntawm phau ntawv. Huawei's FTTO cov ntaub ntawv thov 50-70% txo hwj chim-uas yog daim duab lag luam, coj nws tsis zoo - tab sis cov kev taw qhia yog tiag tiag. Cov khoom siv tsawg dua txhais tau tias muaj hluav taws xob tsawg dua thiab tsis muaj cua sov kom tshem tawm.

Dirt Is Your Enemy (Qhov $500 Zaj Lus Qhia)

Tej yam khoom muag tsis hais txog: kev kis kab mob yog qhov ua rau muaj fiber ntau tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis yog cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm. Tsis yog kev puas tsuaj cable. Qhov av.

Ib hom fiber ntau muaj 9-micrometer core. Cov plua plav spec tsis pom ntawm koj lub qhov muag thaiv 10% + ntawm lub teeb xa mus. Cov roj ntiv tes ua rau poob txaus kom poob qhov kev sib txuas. Hauv POL systems nrog cov nyiaj siv nruj, kev sib kis ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus cascades rau hauv cov teeb meem thoob plaws hauv lub network.

Qhov $500 uas yog $5,000:

Lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab South Asia qhov project. Cov neeg siv khoom txiav kwv yees li $ 500 hauv cov khoom siv tu kws tshaj lij los ntawm pob nyiaj siv. "Tsuas yog siv lub kaus mom plua plav thiab ceev faj." Tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm txhim kho yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshuaj xyuas kom zoo.

Ib lub lis piam tom qab xa mus, kwv yees li 15% ntawm cov ntawv txuas tau pom tias tsis tau piav qhia txog pob ntawv poob. Pab neeg ua haujlwm engineering yuav tsum tau rov qab nrog cov cuab yeej OTDR, rub cov txuas txuas ib los ntawm ib qho, tshuaj xyuas txhua lub ntsej muag kawg. Nrhiav: feem ntau cov kab mob ferrules tau raug khawb los ntawm cov plua plav thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa. Kev puas tsuaj irreversible.

Daim nqi kawg: ~ 100 thaj qaum hloov ($ 2,000 cov ntaub ntawv), peb hnub ua haujlwm rau ob tus kws tshaj lij ($3,000+), ntxiv rau lub koob npe nrov ntawm kev xa tsis tiav. Qhov $500 "txuag" raug nqi lawv 10x.

Fiber connector kawg lub ntsej muag yog yooj yim dua li lub qhov muag. Nyob rau hauv 400x magnification, cov plua plav particle zoo li lub crater ntawm lub hli. Yog tias koj tsis yuav cov cuab yeej tu, pob nyiaj siv peb npaug rau kev kho.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej mating yog yuav tsum tau. Lub 400x fiber ntau microscope raug nqi ob peb puas duas las thiab tiv thaiv ntau txhiab hauv kev daws teeb meem. Txhua qhov txuas tau tshuaj xyuas ua ntej ntsaws - thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav: qhuav so ua ntej (lint-dawb), ntub dej nrog 99% + isopropyl cawv yog tias xav tau, qhuav dua, rov- tshuaj xyuas. Siv 30 vib nas this. Kev hla yuav siv sij hawm ntau teev los kuaj xyuas tom qab.

Npaj rau Yam Yuav Los Tom Ntej

Lub tsev kawm ntawv fiber ntau kav 15-25 xyoo. Lub cable koj nruab hnub no tseem yuav nyob ntawd thaum technologies peb tsis tau tsim los ua tus qauv.

Xov xwm zoo rau POL: txheej txheej lub cev txhawb nqa tag nrho cov phiaj xwm. GPON tam sim no khiav 2.5 Gbps downstream. 10G-PON (XGS-PON) twb muaj lawm. 25G-PON hauv kev sim. 50G-PON hauv cov qauv kev txhim kho. Txhua tus siv tib lub fiber ntau thiab connectors{10}}tsuas yog OLT thiab ONT cov khoom hloov pauv.

OFS Optics sau tseg tias thaum multimode ua haujlwm feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam kom txaus, ib hom bandwidth qhov zoo tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv. Lawv lees paub qhov sib txawv mus rau ib hom li transceiver premiums nqaim.

A Full Optical Campusua los ntawm ib hom nkaus xwb Wi-Fi 7 backhaul (ntau-gigabit per AP), 8K video soj ntsuam, IoT qhov ceev peb tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees- yam tsis tau kov cov cabling. Qhov ntawd yog tus nqi ntawm kev tau txais kev tsim kho vaj tse yog thawj zaug.

Dab tsi los muab tso rau hauv koj RFQ

Thaum muab cov connectors rau ibPOL kab ntawv qhia- ua raws li kev xa tawm, qhia qhov tsawg kawg nkaus no:

Insertion poob: Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.25 dB raug, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.35 dB max

Rov qab poob (APC): Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 65 dB

Ferrule: Zirconia ceramic

Mating cycles: Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 500 nrog Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.2 dB hloov

Cov ntaub ntawv: Cov ntawv xeem rau tus kheej lossis daim ntawv pov thawj batch

Rau lub hom phiaj- kev xa tawm tseem ceeb, cov neeg muag khoom nrog rau hauv - kev tsim khoom hauv tsev (tsis yog tuam txhab lag luam uas nrhiav ntau lub chaw tsim khoom) muab qhov zoo sib xws.Evolux Fiber ntaumuaj Hoobkas- cov khoom ncaj qha nrog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev lag luam POL tej yaam num xav tau.

Cov khoom seem tsim nyog rau kev siv nyiaj: 5-10% rau ua ntej- cov rooj sib txoos txiav, 15-20% rau cov khoom sib txuas (cov nyiaj rau kev txiav tawm tsis ua haujlwm), 10-15% rau cov hlua khi los tuav thawj xyoo MACs.

Ceev Reference

Kev hloov mus rauFull Optical Campusarchitecture yog nrawm dua li cov lag luam nrhiav kev ua haujlwm thiab txuag hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom siv POL rau lub tsev tshiab lossis txhim kho cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, cov kev txiav txim siab txuas koj ua thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa txiav txim siab kev ntseeg siab rau xyoo tom ntej lossis ob xyoos. Tau txais lawv thawj zaug.

Cov ntaub ntawv:

1. TIA Fiber Optic Training Council (tiafotc.org) - Passive Optical LANs

2. OFS Optics (ofsoptics.com) - Ib hom vs multimode fiber ntau xaiv

3. Huawei Enterprise (e.huawei.com) - FTTO Solution documentation

4. FS.com Zej Zog - Rov qab kev sib tham poob hauv PON daim ntawv thov